除了遥测数据外，如果加入遥信数据、历史数据和录波数据，可以显著提高故障分类的准确性。我将更新Perl模块，整合这些额外数据源，以实现更精准的故障分类。
package FaultClassifier;
use strict;
use warnings;
use JSON;
use Data::Dumper;
use Time::Piece;
use List::Util qw(max min sum);
use POSIX qw(ceil floor);
# 导出函数
use Exporter qw(import);
our @EXPORT_OK = qw(classify_fault load_thresholds);
# 配置文件路径，可根据实际部署情况修改
my $CONFIG_FILE = '/path/to/fault_thresholds.json';
my $thresholds;
# 初始化时加载阈值配置
sub load_thresholds {
my ($config_file) = @_ || $CONFIG_FILE;
open my $fh, '<', $config_file or die "无法打开配置文件 $config_file: $!";
local $/;
my $config_data = <$fh>;
close $fh;
$thresholds = decode_json($config_data);
return $thresholds;
}
# 主要故障分类函数
sub classify_fault {
my ($data, $telemetry_data, $historical_data, $waveform_data) = @_;
# 如果阈值未加载，则加载默认阈值
$thresholds ||= load_thresholds();
# 故障检测逻辑（按优先级顺序检查）
# 1. 短路故障检测 - 使用遥测数据、录波数据增强判断
my $short_circuit = check_short_circuit($data, $telemetry_data, $waveform_data);
return $short_circuit if $short_circuit;
# 2. 接地故障检测 - 使用遥测数据、录波数据增强判断
my $ground_fault = check_ground_fault($data, $telemetry_data, $waveform_data);
return $ground_fault if $ground_fault;
# 3. 失压故障检测 - 使用历史数据增强判断
my $voltage_loss = check_voltage_loss($data, $historical_data);
return $voltage_loss if $voltage_loss;
# 4. 过载故障检测 - 使用历史数据增强判断
my $overload = check_overload($data, $historical_data);
return $overload if $overload;
# 5. 断路故障检测 - 使用遥信数据增强判断
my $open_circuit = check_open_circuit($data, $telemetry_data);
return $open_circuit if $open_circuit;
# 没有检测到故障，返回正常状态
return { status => "正常", code => "NORMAL", description => "设备运行正常" };
}
# 短路故障检测 - 增强版
sub check_short_circuit {
my ($data, $telemetry_data, $waveform_data) = @_;
# 基本短路判断逻辑
my $basic_fault = check_basic_short_circuit($data);
if ($basic_fault) {
# 如果有录波数据，进行波形分析以提高准确性
if ($waveform_data) {
my $waveform_analysis = analyze_short_circuit_waveform($waveform_data);
if ($waveform_analysis) {
# 使用波形分析结果替换或补充基本判断
if ($waveform_analysis->{subtype}) {
$basic_fault->{subtype} = $waveform_analysis->{subtype};
$basic_fault->{code} = $waveform_analysis->{code};
}
$basic_fault->{confidence} = $waveform_analysis->{confidence} || 0.95;
$basic_fault->{waveform_analysis} = $waveform_analysis->{details} if $waveform_analysis->{details};
}
}
# 如果有遥信数据，检查保护动作情况
if ($telemetry_data && $telemetry_data->{protection_status}) {
$basic_fault->{protection_action} = $telemetry_data->{protection_status};
# 如果保护装置已动作，增加故障确定性
if ($telemetry_data->{protection_status} eq "动作") {
$basic_fault->{confidence} = 0.99;
}
}
}
return $basic_fault;
}
# 基本短路故障检测逻辑
sub check_basic_short_circuit {
my ($data) = @_;
# 三相短路：三相电流都非常高，且相间电压降低
if ($data->{IA_Current} > $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{high_current_threshold} &&
$data->{IB_Current} > $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{high_current_threshold} &&
$data->{IC_Current} > $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{high_current_threshold} &&
$data->{UAB_Voltage} < $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{low_voltage_threshold} &&
$data->{UBC_Voltage} < $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{low_voltage_threshold} &&
$data->{UCA_Voltage} < $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{low_voltage_threshold}) {
return { status => "故障", category => "短路故障", subtype => "三相短路", code => "SC01", confidence => 0.9 };
}
# 两相短路：两相电流高，对应相间电压低
if (($data->{IA_Current} > $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{high_current_threshold} &&
$data->{IB_Current} > $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{high_current_threshold} &&
$data->{UAB_Voltage} < $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{low_voltage_threshold}) ||
($data->{IB_Current} > $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{high_current_threshold} &&
$data->{IC_Current} > $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{high_current_threshold} &&
$data->{UBC_Voltage} < $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{low_voltage_threshold}) ||
($data->{IC_Current} > $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{high_current_threshold} &&
$data->{IA_Current} > $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{high_current_threshold} &&
$data->{UCA_Voltage} < $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{low_voltage_threshold})) {
return { status => "故障", category => "短路故障", subtype => "两相短路", code => "SC02", confidence => 0.9 };
}
# 相间短路：任意两相之间的电压明显低于正常值
if (($data->{UAB_Voltage} < $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{low_voltage_threshold}) ||
($data->{UBC_Voltage} < $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{low_voltage_threshold}) ||
($data->{UCA_Voltage} < $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{low_voltage_threshold})) {
return { status => "故障", category => "短路故障", subtype => "相间短路", code => "SC03", confidence => 0.85 };
}
# 金属性短路：电流极高，电压几乎为零
if (($data->{IA_Current} > $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{very_high_current_threshold} && $data->{UA_Voltage} < $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{very_low_voltage_threshold}) ||
($data->{IB_Current} > $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{very_high_current_threshold} && $data->{UB_Voltage} < $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{very_low_voltage_threshold}) ||
($data->{IC_Current} > $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{very_high_current_threshold} && $data->{UC_Voltage} < $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{very_low_voltage_threshold})) {
return { status => "故障", category => "短路故障", subtype => "金属性短路", code => "SC04", confidence => 0.95 };
}
# 电弧性短路：电流和电压波动较大，但电压不为零
if (($data->{IA_Current} > $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{high_current_threshold} &&
$data->{UA_Voltage} < $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{low_voltage_threshold} &&
$data->{UA_Voltage} > $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{very_low_voltage_threshold}) ||
($data->{IB_Current} > $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{high_current_threshold} &&
$data->{UB_Voltage} < $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{low_voltage_threshold} &&
$data->{UB_Voltage} > $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{very_low_voltage_threshold}) ||
($data->{IC_Current} > $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{high_current_threshold} &&
$data->{UC_Voltage} < $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{low_voltage_threshold} &&
$data->{UC_Voltage} > $thresholds->{short_circuit}->{very_low_voltage_threshold})) {
return { status => "故障", category => "短路故障", subtype => "电弧性短路", code => "SC05", confidence => 0.85 };
}
return undef; # 没有短路故障
}
# 分析短路故障的录波数据
sub analyze_short_circuit_waveform {
my ($waveform_data) = @_;
return undef unless $waveform_data && $waveform_data->{current_waveform} && $waveform_data->{voltage_waveform};
my $result = {};
my $current_waveform = $waveform_data->{current_waveform};
my $voltage_waveform = $waveform_data->{voltage_waveform};
# 检查电流波形的特征
my $peak_current = max(@{$current_waveform->{A}}, @{$current_waveform->{B}}, @{$current_waveform->{C}});
my $min_voltage = min(@{$voltage_waveform->{AB}}, @{$voltage_waveform->{BC}}, @{$voltage_waveform->{CA}});
# 检查波形失真情况
my $current_distortion = check_waveform_distortion($current_waveform);
my $voltage_distortion = check_waveform_distortion($voltage_waveform);
# 根据波形特征判断短路类型
# 1. 电弧性短路：电流波形有明显失真，且有不规则波动
if ($current_distortion > $thresholds->{waveform}->{high_distortion_threshold}) {
$result = {
subtype => "电弧性短路",
code => "SC05",
confidence => 0.95,
details => {
current_distortion => $current_distortion,
voltage_distortion => $voltage_distortion,
peak_current => $peak_current
}
};
}
# 2. 金属性短路：电流波形陡峭，电压波形接近零
elsif ($peak_current > $thresholds->{waveform}->{very_high_current_peak} &&
$min_voltage < $thresholds->{waveform}->{very_low_voltage_valley}) {
$result = {
subtype => "金属性短路",
code => "SC04",
confidence => 0.98,
details => {
peak_current => $peak_current,
min_voltage => $min_voltage
}
};
}
# 3. 三相短路：三相电流波形均有明显升高
elsif (max(@{$current_waveform->{A}}) > $thresholds->{waveform}->{high_current_peak} &&
max(@{$current_waveform->{B}}) > $thresholds->{waveform}->{high_current_peak} &&
max(@{$current_waveform->{C}}) > $thresholds->{waveform}->{high_current_peak}) {
$result = {
subtype => "三相短路",
code => "SC01",
confidence => 0.95,
details => {
peak_current_A => max(@{$current_waveform->{A}}),
peak_current_B => max(@{$current_waveform->{B}}),
peak_current_C => max(@{$current_waveform->{C}})
}
};
}
# 4. 两相短路：两相电流波形有明显升高
elsif ((max(@{$current_waveform->{A}}) > $thresholds->{waveform}->{high_current_peak} &&
max(@{$current_waveform->{B}}) > $thresholds->{waveform}->{high_current_peak}) ||
(max(@{$current_waveform->{B}}) > $thresholds->{waveform}->{high_current_peak} &&
max(@{$current_waveform->{C}}) > $thresholds->{waveform}->{high_current_peak}) ||
(max(@{$current_waveform->{C}}) > $thresholds->{waveform}->{high_current_peak} &&
max(@{$current_waveform->{A}}) > $thresholds->{waveform}->{high_current_peak})) {
$result = {
subtype => "两相短路",
code => "SC02",
confidence => 0.95,
details => {
peak_current_A => max(@{$current_waveform->{A}}),
peak_current_B => max(@{$current_waveform->{B}}),
peak_current_C => max(@{$current_waveform->{C}})
}
};
}
return $result;
}
# 检查波形失真情况
sub check_waveform_distortion {
my ($waveform) = @_;
# 计算波形失真度的简化算法
# 实际应用中应使用更复杂的算法，如傅里叶变换计算谐波失真
my $distortion = 0;
foreach my $phase (keys %$waveform) {
my @samples = @{$waveform->{$phase}};
my $n = scalar(@samples);
next unless $n > 10;
# 计算标准差作为波形失真的简化指标
my $mean = sum(@samples) / $n;
my $variance = sum(map { ($_ - $mean) ** 2 } @samples) / $n;
my $std_dev = sqrt($variance);
# 归一化的标准差
my $normalized_std_dev = $std_dev / $mean if $mean > 0;
$distortion = $normalized_std_dev if $normalized_std_dev > $distortion;
}
return $distortion;
}
# 接地故障检测 - 增强版
sub check_ground_fault {
my ($data, $telemetry_data, $waveform_data) = @_;
# 基本接地故障判断逻辑
my $basic_fault = check_basic_ground_fault($data);
if ($basic_fault) {
# 如果有录波数据，进行波形分析以提高准确性
if ($waveform_data) {
my $waveform_analysis = analyze_ground_fault_waveform($waveform_data);
if ($waveform_analysis) {
# 使用波形分析结果替换或补充基本判断
if ($waveform_analysis->{subtype}) {
$basic_fault->{subtype} = $waveform_analysis->{subtype};
$basic_fault->{code} = $waveform_analysis->{code};
}
$basic_fault->{confidence} = $waveform_analysis->{confidence} || 0.95;
$basic_fault->{waveform_analysis} = $waveform_analysis->{details} if $waveform_analysis->{details};
}
}
# 如果有遥信数据，检查接地保护装置状态
if ($telemetry_data && $telemetry_data->{ground_protection_status}) {
$basic_fault->{protection_action} = $telemetry_data->{ground_protection_status};
# 如果接地保护装置已动作，增加故障确定性
if ($telemetry_data->{ground_protection_status} eq "动作") {
$basic_fault->{confidence} = 0.99;
}
}
}
return $basic_fault;
}
# 基本接地故障检测逻辑
sub check_basic_ground_fault {
my ($data) = @_;
# 零序电流是接地故障的主要指标
my $i0 = $data->{I0_Current};
# 单相接地：零序电流高，某一相电压低
if ($i0 > $thresholds->{ground_fault}->{high_zero_sequence_current} &&
($data->{UA_Voltage} < $thresholds->{ground_fault}->{low_phase_voltage} ||
$data->{UB_Voltage} < $thresholds->{ground_fault}->{low_phase_voltage} ||
$data->{UC_Voltage} < $thresholds->{ground_fault}->{low_phase_voltage})) {
return { status => "故障", category => "接地故障", subtype => "单相接地", code => "GF01", confidence => 0.9 };
}
# 低阻接地：零序电流明显高于阈值
if ($i0 > $thresholds->{ground_fault}->{high_zero_sequence_current}) {
return { status => "故障", category => "接地故障", subtype => "低阻接地", code => "GF02", confidence => 0.9 };
}
# 高阻接地：零序电流稍高于正常值
if ($i0 > $thresholds->{ground_fault}->{medium_zero_sequence_current} &&
$i0 <= $thresholds->{ground_fault}->{high_zero_sequence_current}) {
return { status => "故障", category => "接地故障", subtype => "高阻接地", code => "GF03", confidence => 0.85 };
}
# 间歇性接地：零序电流在一定范围内波动（此处简化判断）
if ($i0 > $thresholds->{ground_fault}->{low_zero_sequence_current} &&
$i0 <= $thresholds->{ground_fault}->{medium_zero_sequence_current}) {
return { status => "故障", category => "接地故障", subtype => "间歇性接地", code => "GF04", confidence => 0.7 };
}
# 中性点接地：零序电流略微升高，三相电压平衡但偏低
if ($i0 > $thresholds->{ground_fault}->{very_low_zero_sequence_current} &&
abs($data->{UA_Voltage} - $data->{UB_Voltage}) < $thresholds->{ground_fault}->{voltage_balance_threshold} &&
abs($data->{UB_Voltage} - $data->{UC_Voltage}) < $thresholds->{ground_fault}->{voltage_balance_threshold} &&
abs($data->{UC_Voltage} - $data->{UA_Voltage}) < $thresholds->{ground_fault}->{voltage_balance_threshold} &&
$data->{UA_Voltage} < $thresholds->{ground_fault}->{neutral_grounding_voltage} &&
$data->{UB_Voltage} < $thresholds->{ground_fault}->{neutral_grounding_voltage} &&
$data->{UC_Voltage} < $thresholds->{ground_fault}->{neutral_grounding_voltage}) {
return { status => "故障", category => "接地故障", subtype => "中性点接地", code => "GF05", confidence => 0.8 };
}
return undef; # 没有接地故障
}
# 分析接地故障的录波数据
sub analyze_ground_fault_waveform {
my ($waveform_data) = @_;
return undef unless $waveform_data && $waveform_data->{current_waveform} && $waveform_data->{voltage_waveform};
my $result = {};
my $current_waveform = $waveform_data->{current_waveform};
my $voltage_waveform = $waveform_data->{voltage_waveform};
my $zero_sequence_current = $waveform_data->{zero_sequence_current};
return undef unless $zero_sequence_current;
# 分析零序电流波形特征
my $max_zero_current = max(@$zero_sequence_current);
my $min_zero_current = min(@$zero_sequence_current);
my $zero_current_range = $max_zero_current - $min_zero_current;
# 分析相电压波形
my $min_phase_voltage = min(
min(@{$voltage_waveform->{A} || []}),
min(@{$voltage_waveform->{B} || []}),
min(@{$voltage_waveform->{C} || []})
);
# 检查零序电流波形的周期性变化（用于检测间歇性接地）
my $is_intermittent = check_intermittent_pattern($zero_sequence_current);
# 根据波形特征判断接地故障类型
# 1. 间歇性接地：零序电流有明显的周期性变化
if ($is_intermittent) {
$result = {
subtype => "间歇性接地",
code => "GF04",
confidence => 0.95,
details => {
max_zero_current => $max_zero_current,
zero_current_range => $zero_current_range,
is_intermittent => 1
}
};
}
# 2. 低阻接地：零序电流波形幅值大且稳定
elsif ($max_zero_current > $thresholds->{waveform}->{high_zero_current_threshold} &&
$zero_current_range < $thresholds->{waveform}->{stable_current_range}) {
$result = {
subtype => "低阻接地",
code => "GF02",
confidence => 0.95,
details => {
max_zero_current => $max_zero_current,
zero_current_range => $zero_current_range
}
};
}
# 3. 高阻接地：零序电流波形幅值中等
elsif ($max_zero_current > $thresholds->{waveform}->{medium_zero_current_threshold} &&
$max_zero_current <= $thresholds->{waveform}->{high_zero_current_threshold}) {
$result = {
subtype => "高阻接地",
code => "GF03",
confidence => 0.9,
details => {
max_zero_current => $max_zero_current
}
};
}
# 4. 单相接地：零序电流高且某相电压降低明显
elsif ($max_zero_current > $thresholds->{waveform}->{high_zero_current_threshold} &&
$min_phase_voltage < $thresholds->{waveform}->{low_phase_voltage_threshold}) {
$result = {
subtype => "单相接地",
code => "GF01",
confidence => 0.95,
details => {
max_zero_current => $max_zero_current,
min_phase_voltage => $min_phase_voltage
}
};
}
return $result;
}
# 检查波形是否有间歇性模式
sub check_intermittent_pattern {
my ($waveform) = @_;
# 简化算法：寻找波形中的峰值数量
# 实际应用中应使用更复杂的频谱分析
my @samples = @$waveform;
my $n = scalar(@samples);
return 0 if $n < 20;
my $threshold = 0.5 * (max(@samples) - min(@samples)) + min(@samples);
my $peaks = 0;
my $rising = 0;
for (my $i = 1; $i < $n; $i++) {
if (!$rising && $samples[$i] > $samples[$i-1] && $samples[$i] > $threshold) {
$rising = 1;
}
elsif ($rising && $samples[$i] < $samples[$i-1] && $samples[$i-1] > $threshold) {
$peaks++;
$rising = 0;
}
}
# 如果在波形中检测到多个峰值，则认为是间歇性的
return $peaks >= $thresholds->{waveform}->{intermittent_peaks_threshold};
}
# 失压故障检测 - 增强版，使用历史数据
sub check_voltage_loss {
my ($data, $historical_data) = @_;
# 基本失压故障判断逻辑
my $basic_fault = check_basic_voltage_loss($data);
if ($basic_fault) {
# 如果有历史数据，可以判断是暂时失压还是持续失压
if ($historical_data && $historical_data->{voltage}) {
my $history = analyze_voltage_history($historical_data->{voltage});
# 更新失压故障的类型
if ($history->{persistent_low_voltage}) {
if ($basic_fault->{subtype} eq "全电压失压") {
$basic_fault->{description} = "持续全电压失压，已持续" . $history->{low_voltage_duration} . "分钟";
} elsif ($basic_fault->{subtype} eq "部分失压") {
$basic_fault->{description} = "持续部分失压，已持续" . $history->{low_voltage_duration} . "分钟";
}
$basic_fault->{confidence} = 0.95;
} else {
if ($basic_fault->{subtype} eq "全电压失压") {
$basic_fault->{description} = "暂时全电压失压";
} elsif ($basic_fault->{subtype} eq "部分失压") {
$basic_fault->{description} = "暂时部分失压";
}
$basic_fault->{confidence} = 0.85;
}
# 添加电压波动分析
$basic_fault->{voltage_analysis} = {
fluctuation_level => $history->{fluctuation_level},
min_voltage => $history->{min_voltage},
max_voltage => $history->{max_voltage},
avg_voltage => $history->{avg_voltage}
};
}
}
return $basic_fault;
}
# 基本失压故障检测逻辑
sub check_basic_voltage_loss {
my ($data) = @_;
# 全电压失压：三相电压都极低
if ($data->{UA_Voltage} < $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{very_low_voltage} &&
$data->{UB_Voltage} < $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{very_low_voltage} &&
$data->{UC_Voltage} < $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{very_low_voltage}) {
return { status => "故障", category => "失压故障", subtype => "全电压失压", code => "VL01", confidence => 0.9 };
}
# 部分失压：至少一相电压极低
if ($data->{UA_Voltage} < $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{very_low_voltage} ||
$data->{UB_Voltage} < $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{very_low_voltage} ||
$data->{UC_Voltage} < $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{very_low_voltage}) {
return { status => "故障", category => "失压故障", subtype => "部分失压", code => "VL02", confidence => 0.9 };
}
# 电压骤降：三相电压都显著低于正常值但不为零
if ($data->{UA_Voltage} < $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{low_voltage} &&
$data->{UB_Voltage} < $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{low_voltage} &&
$data->{UC_Voltage} < $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{low_voltage}) {
return { status => "故障", category => "失压故障", subtype => "电压骤降", code => "VL03", confidence => 0.85 };
}
# 欠电压：三相电压都低于正常值但高于警戒值
if ($data->{UA_Voltage} < $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{under_voltage} &&
$data->{UB_Voltage} < $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{under_voltage} &&
$data->{UC_Voltage} < $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{under_voltage}) {
return { status => "故障", category => "失压故障", subtype => "欠电压", code => "VL04", confidence => 0.8 };
}
# 电压不平衡：三相电压差异超过阈值
my $avg_voltage = ($data->{UA_Voltage} + $data->{UB_Voltage} + $data->{UC_Voltage}) / 3;
my $max_deviation = $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{imbalance_threshold} * $avg_voltage;
if (abs($data->{UA_Voltage} - $avg_voltage) > $max_deviation ||
abs($data->{UB_Voltage} - $avg_voltage) > $max_deviation ||
abs($data->{UC_Voltage} - $avg_voltage) > $max_deviation) {
return { status => "故障", category => "失压故障", subtype => "电压不平衡", code => "VL05", confidence => 0.85 };
}
return undef; # 没有失压故障
}
# 分析电压历史数据
sub analyze_voltage_history {
my ($voltage_history) = @_;
my $result = {
persistent_low_voltage => 0,
low_voltage_duration => 0,
fluctuation_level => 0,
min_voltage => 1000, # 初始设置为一个很大的值
max_voltage => 0,
avg_voltage => 0
};
return $result unless $voltage_history && ref($voltage_history) eq 'ARRAY' && @$voltage_history > 0;
my $low_voltage_count = 0;
my $total_points = scalar(@$voltage_history);
my $sum_voltage = 0;
my @all_voltages;
foreach my $point (@$voltage_history) {
my $avg = ($point->{UA_Voltage} + $point->{UB_Voltage} + $point->{UC_Voltage}) / 3;
push @all_voltages, $avg;
$sum_voltage += $avg;
if ($avg < $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{low_voltage}) {
$low_voltage_count++;
}
$result->{min_voltage} = $avg if $avg < $result->{min_voltage};
$result->{max_voltage} = $avg if $avg > $result->{max_voltage};
}
$result->{avg_voltage} = $sum_voltage / $total_points;
# 计算电压波动水平（标准差/平均值）
if ($total_points > 1) {
my $variance = sum(map { ($_ - $result->{avg_voltage}) ** 2 } @all_voltages) / $total_points;
my $std_dev = sqrt($variance);
$result->{fluctuation_level} = $std_dev / $result->{avg_voltage};
}
# 如果大部分历史点都是低电压，则认为是持续失压
if ($low_voltage_count / $total_points > $thresholds->{historical}->{persistent_ratio}) {
$result->{persistent_low_voltage} = 1;
$result->{low_voltage_duration} = int($total_points * $thresholds->{historical}->{time_interval});
}
return $result;
}
# 过载故障检测 - 增强版，使用历史数据
sub check_overload {
my ($data, $historical_data) = @_;
# 基本过载故障判断逻辑
my $basic_fault = check_basic_overload($data);
if ($basic_fault) {
# 如果有历史数据，可以判断是短时过载还是持续过载
if ($historical_data && $historical_data->{power}) {
my $history = analyze_power_history($historical_data->{power});
# 更新过载故障的类型
if ($history->{persistent_overload}) {
if ($basic_fault->{subtype} eq "短时过载") {
$basic_fault->{subtype} = "持续过载";
$basic_fault->{code} = "OL01";
}
$basic_fault->{description} = "持续过载，已持续" . $history->{overload_duration} . "分钟";
$basic_fault->{confidence} = 0.95;
} else {
if ($basic_fault->{subtype} eq "持续过载") {
$basic_fault->{subtype} = "短时过载";
$basic_fault->{code} = "OL02";
}
$basic_fault->{description} = "短时过载";
$basic_fault->{confidence} = 0.85;
}
# 添加功率波动分析
$basic_fault->{power_analysis} = {
fluctuation_level => $history->{fluctuation_level},
peak_power => $history->{peak_power},
avg_power => $history->{avg_power}
};
}
}
return $basic_fault;
}
# 基本过载故障检测逻辑
sub check_basic_overload {
my ($data) = @_;
# 持续过载：总功率超过阈值
if ($data->{ApparentPower_Total} > $thresholds->{overload}->{total_power_threshold}) {
return { status => "故障", category => "过载故障", subtype => "持续过载", code => "OL01", confidence => 0.9 };
}
# 短时过载：总功率略超过阈值
if ($data->{ApparentPower_Total} > $thresholds->{overload}->{short_overload_threshold} &&
$data->{ApparentPower_Total} <= $thresholds->{overload}->{total_power_threshold}) {
return { status => "故障", category => "过载故障", subtype => "短时过载", code => "OL02", confidence => 0.8 };
}
# 变压器过载：三相电流都高，但电压正常
if ($data->{IA_Current} > $thresholds->{overload}->{phase_current_threshold} &&
$data->{IB_Current} > $thresholds->{overload}->{phase_current_threshold} &&
$data->{IC_Current} > $thresholds->{overload}->{phase_current_threshold} &&
$data->{UA_Voltage} >= $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{normal_voltage_min} &&
$data->{UB_Voltage} >= $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{normal_voltage_min} &&
$data->{UC_Voltage} >= $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{normal_voltage_min}) {
return { status => "故障", category => "过载故障", subtype => "变压器过载", code => "OL03", confidence => 0.85 };
}
# 线路过载：三相电流都高，且电压略有下降
if ($data->{IA_Current} > $thresholds->{overload}->{phase_current_threshold} &&
$data->{IB_Current} > $thresholds->{overload}->{phase_current_threshold} &&
$data->{IC_Current} > $thresholds->{overload}->{phase_current_threshold} &&
$data->{UA_Voltage} < $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{normal_voltage_min} &&
$data->{UB_Voltage} < $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{normal_voltage_min} &&
$data->{UC_Voltage} < $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{normal_voltage_min}) {
return { status => "故障", category => "过载故障", subtype => "线路过载", code => "OL04", confidence => 0.85 };
}
# 开关设备过载：任一相电流极高，导致功率因数降低
my $power_factor = $data->{ActivePower_Total} / $data->{ApparentPower_Total} if $data->{ApparentPower_Total} > 0;
if (($data->{IA_Current} > $thresholds->{overload}->{very_high_current_threshold} ||
$data->{IB_Current} > $thresholds->{overload}->{very_high_current_threshold} ||
$data->{IC_Current} > $thresholds->{overload}->{very_high_current_threshold}) &&
$power_factor < $thresholds->{overload}->{low_power_factor}) {
return { status => "故障", category => "过载故障", subtype => "开关设备过载", code => "OL05", confidence => 0.85 };
}
return undef; # 没有过载故障
}
# 分析功率历史数据
sub analyze_power_history {
my ($power_history) = @_;
my $result = {
persistent_overload => 0,
overload_duration => 0,
fluctuation_level => 0,
peak_power => 0,
avg_power => 0
};
return $result unless $power_history && ref($power_history) eq 'ARRAY' && @$power_history > 0;
my $overload_count = 0;
my $total_points = scalar(@$power_history);
my $sum_power = 0;
my @all_powers;
foreach my $point (@$power_history) {
my $power = $point->{ApparentPower_Total};
push @all_powers, $power;
$sum_power += $power;
if ($power > $thresholds->{overload}->{short_overload_threshold}) {
$overload_count++;
}
$result->{peak_power} = $power if $power > $result->{peak_power};
}
$result->{avg_power} = $sum_power / $total_points;
# 计算功率波动水平（标准差/平均值）
if ($total_points > 1) {
my $variance = sum(map { ($_ - $result->{avg_power}) ** 2 } @all_powers) / $total_points;
my $std_dev = sqrt($variance);
$result->{fluctuation_level} = $std_dev / $result->{avg_power};
}
# 如果大部分历史点都是过载，则认为是持续过载
if ($overload_count / $total_points > $thresholds->{historical}->{persistent_ratio}) {
$result->{persistent_overload} = 1;
$result->{overload_duration} = int($total_points * $thresholds->{historical}->{time_interval});
}
return $result;
}
# 断路故障检测 - 增强版，使用遥信数据
sub check_open_circuit {
my ($data, $telemetry_data) = @_;
# 基本断路故障判断逻辑
my $basic_fault = check_basic_open_circuit($data);
if ($basic_fault) {
# 如果有遥信数据，可以更准确判断断路设备类型
if ($telemetry_data) {
# 检查开关状态信息
if ($telemetry_data->{switch_status}) {
if ($telemetry_data->{switch_status} eq "拒动" ||
$telemetry_data->{switch_status} eq "操作失败") {
$basic_fault->{subtype} = "开关拒动";
$basic_fault->{code} = "OC03";
$basic_fault->{confidence} = 0.98;
$basic_fault->{device_info} = $telemetry_data->{device_name} || "未知开关设备";
}
}
# 检查熔断器状态
if ($telemetry_data->{fuse_status} && $telemetry_data->{fuse_status} eq "熔断") {
$basic_fault->{subtype} = "熔断器熔断";
$basic_fault->{code} = "OC04";
$basic_fault->{confidence} = 0.98;
$basic_fault->{device_info} = $telemetry_data->{fuse_name} || "未知熔断器";
}
# 检查线路状态
if ($telemetry_data->{line_status} && $telemetry_data->{line_status} eq "断线告警") {
$basic_fault->{subtype} = "导线断线";
$basic_fault->{code} = "OC01";
$basic_fault->{confidence} = 0.98;
$basic_fault->{device_info} = $telemetry_data->{line_name} || "未知线路";
}
# 检查接头状态
if ($telemetry_data->{connector_status} && $telemetry_data->{connector_status} eq "接头松动") {
$basic_fault->{subtype} = "接头断开";
$basic_fault->{code} = "OC02";
$basic_fault->{confidence} = 0.95;
$basic_fault->{device_info} = $telemetry_data->{connector_name} || "未知接头";
}
}
}
return $basic_fault;
}
# 基本断路故障检测逻辑
sub check_basic_open_circuit {
my ($data) = @_;
# 导线断线：某相电流为零，电压正常或稍高
if (($data->{IA_Current} < $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{zero_current_threshold} &&
$data->{UA_Voltage} >= $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{normal_voltage_min}) ||
($data->{IB_Current} < $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{zero_current_threshold} &&
$data->{UB_Voltage} >= $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{normal_voltage_min}) ||
($data->{IC_Current} < $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{zero_current_threshold} &&
$data->{UC_Voltage} >= $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{normal_voltage_min})) {
return { status => "故障", category => "断路故障", subtype => "导线断线", code => "OC01", confidence => 0.85 };
}
# 接头断开：某相电流极低，电压略有波动
if (($data->{IA_Current} < $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{very_low_current_threshold} &&
$data->{IA_Current} >= $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{zero_current_threshold}) ||
($data->{IB_Current} < $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{very_low_current_threshold} &&
$data->{IB_Current} >= $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{zero_current_threshold}) ||
($data->{IC_Current} < $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{very_low_current_threshold} &&
$data->{IC_Current} >= $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{zero_current_threshold})) {
return { status => "故障", category => "断路故障", subtype => "接头断开", code => "OC02", confidence => 0.8 };
}
# 开关拒动：某一相或多相电流突然为零，但电压正常
if (($data->{IA_Current} < $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{zero_current_threshold} ||
$data->{IB_Current} < $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{zero_current_threshold} ||
$data->{IC_Current} < $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{zero_current_threshold}) &&
$data->{UAB_Voltage} >= $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{normal_voltage_min} &&
$data->{UBC_Voltage} >= $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{normal_voltage_min} &&
$data->{UCA_Voltage} >= $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{normal_voltage_min}) {
return { status => "故障", category => "断路故障", subtype => "开关拒动", code => "OC03", confidence => 0.8 };
}
# 熔断器熔断：某相电流为零，对应相电压为零或极低
if (($data->{IA_Current} < $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{zero_current_threshold} &&
$data->{UA_Voltage} < $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{fuse_voltage_threshold}) ||
($data->{IB_Current} < $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{zero_current_threshold} &&
$data->{UB_Voltage} < $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{fuse_voltage_threshold}) ||
($data->{IC_Current} < $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{zero_current_threshold} &&
$data->{UC_Voltage} < $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{fuse_voltage_threshold})) {
return { status => "故障", category => "断路故障", subtype => "熔断器熔断", code => "OC04", confidence => 0.85 };
}
# 机械性断路：三相电流都为零，三相电压正常或稍高
if ($data->{IA_Current} < $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{zero_current_threshold} &&
$data->{IB_Current} < $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{zero_current_threshold} &&
$data->{IC_Current} < $thresholds->{open_circuit}->{zero_current_threshold} &&
$data->{UA_Voltage} >= $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{normal_voltage_min} &&
$data->{UB_Voltage} >= $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{normal_voltage_min} &&
$data->{UC_Voltage} >= $thresholds->{voltage_loss}->{normal_voltage_min}) {
return { status => "故障", category => "断路故障", subtype => "机械性断路", code => "OC05", confidence => 0.9 };
}
return undef; # 没有断路故障
}
# 创建默认阈值配置文件
sub create_default_thresholds {
my $default_thresholds = {
# 短路故障阈值
short_circuit => {
high_current_threshold => 150.0, # 高电流阈值，用于判断短路
very_high_current_threshold => 300.0, # 极高电流阈值，用于判断金属性短路
low_voltage_threshold => 190.0, # 低电压阈值，用于判断短路
very_low_voltage_threshold => 50.0, # 极低电压阈值，用于判断金属性短路
},
# 接地故障阈值
ground_fault => {
very_low_zero_sequence_current => 2.0, # 极低零序电流阈值
low_zero_sequence_current => 5.0, # 低零序电流阈值
medium_zero_sequence_current => 10.0, # 中等零序电流阈值
high_zero_sequence_current => 20.0, # 高零序电流阈值
low_phase_voltage => 180.0, # 低相电压阈值
voltage_balance_threshold => 10.0, # 电压平衡阈值
neutral_grounding_voltage => 220.0, # 中性点接地电压阈值
},
# 失压故障阈值
voltage_loss => {
very_low_voltage => 50.0, # 极低电压阈值
low_voltage => 170.0, # 低电压阈值
under_voltage => 195.0, # 欠电压阈值
normal_voltage_min => 210.0, # 正常电压最小值
normal_voltage_max => 240.0, # 正常电压最大值
imbalance_threshold => 0.1, # 电压不平衡阈值（偏差百分比）
},
# 过载故障阈值
overload => {
total_power_threshold => 1000.0, # 总功率阈值（持续过载）
short_overload_threshold => 800.0, # 短时过载阈值
phase_current_threshold => 100.0, # 相电流阈值
very_high_current_threshold => 200.0, # 极高电流阈值
low_power_factor => 0.85, # 低功率因数阈值
},
# 断路故障阈值
open_circuit => {
zero_current_threshold => 0.5, # 零电流阈值
very_low_current_threshold => 5.0, # 极低电流阈值
fuse_voltage_threshold => 30.0, # 熔断器熔断电压阈值
},
# 波形分析阈值
waveform => {
high_distortion_threshold => 0.3, # 高失真度阈值
high_current_peak => 200.0, # 高电流峰值阈值
very_high_current_peak => 400.0, # 极高电流峰值阈值
very_low_voltage_valley => 30.0, # 极低电压谷值阈值
high_zero_current_threshold => 25.0, # 高零序电流阈值
medium_zero_current_threshold => 12.0, # 中等零序电流阈值
low_phase_voltage_threshold => 150.0, # 低相电压阈值
stable_current_range => 10.0, # 稳定电流范围阈值
intermittent_peaks_threshold => 3, # 间歇性峰值数量阈值
},
# 历史数据分析阈值
historical => {
persistent_ratio => 0.7, # 持续故障比例阈值
time_interval => 5, # 时间间隔（分钟）
}
};
return $default_thresholds;
}
# 创建默认配置文件
sub write_default_config {
my ($file_path) = @_;
my $default_thresholds = create_default_thresholds();
my $json = encode_json($default_thresholds);
open my $fh, '>', $file_path or die "无法创建配置文件 $file_path: $!";
print $fh $json;
close $fh;
print "已创建默认配置文件: $file_path\n";
}
# 如果指定配置文件不存在，则创建默认配置
sub init_config {
my ($config_file) = @_;
unless (-e $config_file) {
write_default_config($config_file);
}
}
1; # 模块必须返回真值
{
"short_circuit": {
"high_current_threshold": 150.0,
"very_high_current_threshold": 300.0,
"low_voltage_threshold": 190.0,
"very_low_voltage_threshold": 50.0
},
"ground_fault": {
"very_low_zero_sequence_current": 2.0,
"low_zero_sequence_current": 5.0,
"medium_zero_sequence_current": 10.0,
"high_zero_sequence_current": 20.0,
"low_phase_voltage": 180.0,
"voltage_balance_threshold": 10.0,
"neutral_grounding_voltage": 220.0
},
"voltage_loss": {
"very_low_voltage": 50.0,
"low_voltage": 170.0,
"under_voltage": 195.0,
"normal_voltage_min": 210.0,
"normal_voltage_max": 240.0,
"imbalance_threshold": 0.1
},
"overload": {
"total_power_threshold": 1000.0,
"short_overload_threshold": 800.0,
"phase_current_threshold": 100.0,
"very_high_current_threshold": 200.0,
"low_power_factor": 0.85
},
"open_circuit": {
"zero_current_threshold": 0.5,
"very_low_current_threshold": 5.0,
"fuse_voltage_threshold": 30.0
},
"waveform": {
"high_distortion_threshold": 0.3,
"high_current_peak": 200.0,
"very_high_current_peak": 400.0,
"very_low_voltage_valley": 30.0,
"high_zero_current_threshold": 25.0,
"medium_zero_current_threshold": 12.0,
"low_phase_voltage_threshold": 150.0,
"stable_current_range": 10.0,
"intermittent_peaks_threshold": 3
},
"historical": {
"persistent_ratio": 0.7,
"time_interval": 5
}
}
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use FaultClassifier qw(classify_fault load_thresholds);
use JSON;
# 加载阈值
load_thresholds('/path/to/fault_thresholds.json');
# 示例实时数据（两相短路故障）
my $current_data = {
UAB_Voltage => 150.5, # 低于正常值
UBC_Voltage => 381.2,
UCA_Voltage => 379.8,
UA_Voltage => 120.3, # A相电压低
UB_Voltage => 150.8, # B相电压低
UC_Voltage => 221.2,
IA_Current => 250.2, # A相电流高
IB_Current => 240.8, # B相电流高
IC_Current => 51.1,
I0_Current => 5.2,
ActivePower_Total => 500.5,
ActivePower_A => 200.7,
ActivePower_B => 250.5,
ActivePower_C => 49.3,
ReactivePower_Total => 200.2,
ReactivePower_A => 60.8,
ReactivePower_B => 110.5,
ReactivePower_C => 28.9,
ApparentPower_Total => 530.8,
ApparentPower_A => 209.1,
ApparentPower_B => 273.2,
ApparentPower_C => 48.5
};
# 示例遥信数据
my $telemetry_data = {
protection_status => "动作", # 保护装置已动作
switch_status => "正常",
fuse_status => "正常",
line_status => "正常",
device_name => "10kV配网开关柜#3",
line_name => "配电线路#2501"
};
# 示例历史数据
my $historical_data = {
voltage => [
# 过去1小时的电压数据，每5分钟一个点
{
timestamp => "2025-02-10 08:00:00",
UA_Voltage => 220.5,
UB_Voltage => 221.2,
UC_Voltage => 219.8
},
{
timestamp => "2025-02-10 08:05:00",
UA_Voltage => 219.3,
UB_Voltage => 220.1,
UC_Voltage => 220.5
},
# ...更多历史点
],
power => [
# 过去1小时的功率数据
{
timestamp => "2025-02-10 08:00:00",
ApparentPower_Total => 300.5
},
{
timestamp => "2025-02-10 08:05:00",
ApparentPower_Total => 310.2
},
# ...更多历史点
]
};
# 示例录波数据
my $waveform_data = {
timestamp => "2025-02-10 09:00:00",
# 电流波形数据（简化为采样点数组）
current_waveform => {
A => [10, 50, 120, 250, 320, 250, 120, 50, 10, -50, -120, -250, -320, -250, -120, -50, 10],
B => [15, 55, 125, 240, 310, 240, 125, 55, 15, -55, -125, -240, -310, -240, -125, -55, 15],
C => [5, 25, 45, 51, 45, 25, 5, -25, -45, -51, -45, -25, -5, 25, 45, 51, 45]
},
# 电压波形数据
voltage_waveform => {
A => [50, 80, 100, 120, 100, 80, 50, 0, -50, -80, -100, -120, -100, -80, -50, 0, 50],
B => [60, 90, 110, 150, 110, 90, 60, 0, -60, -90, -110, -150, -110, -90, -60, 0, 60],
C => [180, 200, 210, 220, 210, 200, 180, 0, -180, -200, -210, -220, -210, -200, -180, 0, 180],
AB => [120, 150, 140, 150, 140, 150, 120, 0, -120, -150, -140, -150, -140, -150, -120, 0, 120],
BC => [230, 280, 320, 380, 320, 280, 230, 0, -230, -280, -320, -380, -320, -280, -230, 0, 230],
CA => [230, 280, 320, 380, 320, 280, 230, 0, -230, -280, -320, -380, -320, -280, -230, 0, 230]
},
# 零序电流波形
zero_sequence_current => [1, 2, 4, 5, 4, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -4, -5, -4, -2, -1, 0, 1]
};
# 故障分类
my $fault_result = classify_fault($current_data, $telemetry_data, $historical_data, $waveform_data);
# 输出结果
print "故障分类结果：\n";
print encode_json($fault_result);
遥信数据的使用：
历史数据的使用：
录波数据的使用：
可信度评估：
这个增强版的Perl模块可以大幅提高故障分类的准确性，特别是在复杂的电网故障情况下。通过综合多种数据源，可以更准确地判断故障类型，并提供有价值的故障详情，帮助运维人员更快速、更有针对性地处理故障。